Contraposition is not valid in the case of which categorical proposition?निम्न में से किस निरपेक्ष प्रतिज्ञप्ति में प्रतिपरिवर्तन (contraposition) वैध नहीं है?
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Correct answer: C. I
Explanation
Contraposition (replacing the subject by the complement of the predicate and the predicate by the complement of the subject) is fully valid for A and O propositions. For the E proposition it is valid only 'by limitation' (E gives an O contrapositive), while for the I proposition it is not valid at all — 'Some S are P' has no valid contrapositive. The official key accepted both option 3 (I) and option 4 (E), because E too is not valid without limitation.प्रतिपरिवर्तन (उद्देश्य के स्थान पर विधेय का पूरक तथा विधेय के स्थान पर उद्देश्य का पूरक रखना) A और O प्रतिज्ञप्तियों के लिए पूर्णतः वैध है। E प्रतिज्ञप्ति के लिए यह केवल 'सीमांकन द्वारा' वैध है (E से O प्रतिपरिवर्तित मिलता है), जबकि I प्रतिज्ञप्ति के लिए यह बिल्कुल भी वैध नहीं है — 'कुछ S, P हैं' का कोई वैध प्रतिपरिवर्तन नहीं होता। आधिकारिक कुंजी ने विकल्प 3 (I) और विकल्प 4 (E) दोनों को स्वीकार किया है, क्योंकि E भी सीमांकन के बिना वैध नहीं है।More Logical Reasoning questions
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