All bipeds are rational.
Swans are bipeds.
∴ Swans are rational.
The above argument commits the fallacy (hetvabhasa) of:सभी द्विपाद बौद्धिक (rational) हैं।
हंस द्विपाद हैं।
∴ हंस बौद्धिक हैं।
उपर्युक्त तर्क में कौन-सा हेत्वाभास है?
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Correct answer: C. Savyabhicaraसव्यभिचार
Explanation
Here the hetu (middle term) is 'being a biped' and the sadhya is 'rationality'. Bipedness is found both where rationality is present (humans) and where it is absent (birds such as swans), so the hetu is not invariably concomitant with the sadhya. Such an irregular or inconclusive reason is the fallacy of Savyabhicara (anaikantika).यहाँ हेतु (मध्य पद) 'द्विपाद होना' है और साध्य 'बौद्धिकता' है। द्विपादता वहाँ भी है जहाँ बौद्धिकता है (मनुष्य) और वहाँ भी जहाँ नहीं है (हंस जैसे पक्षी), अतः हेतु का साध्य के साथ नियत साहचर्य (व्याप्ति) नहीं है। ऐसा अनियत हेतु सव्यभिचार (अनैकान्तिक) हेत्वाभास है।More Logical Reasoning questions
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