'If Sneha tampered with the examination script, then she is guilty of a crime. Sneha did not tamper with the examination script. Therefore Sneha is not guilty of a crime'. Which fallacy is committed in the above argument?'यदि स्नेहा ने परीक्षा की उत्तर-पुस्तिका से छेड़छाड़ की, तो वह अपराध की दोषी है। स्नेहा ने परीक्षा की उत्तर-पुस्तिका से छेड़छाड़ नहीं की। अतः स्नेहा अपराध की दोषी नहीं है।' उपर्युक्त तर्क में कौन-सा तर्कदोष किया गया है?
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Correct answer: C. Fallacy of denying the antecedentपूर्ववर्ती के निषेध का तर्कदोष
Explanation
The argument has the form 'If P then Q; not P; therefore not Q'. Denying the antecedent P does not allow us to deny the consequent Q, because Q may be true for some other reason — Sneha could be guilty of a different crime. This invalid form is the fallacy of denying the antecedent. Affirming the antecedent (modus ponens) is in fact a valid form, not a fallacy.तर्क का रूप है 'यदि P तो Q; P नहीं; अतः Q नहीं'। पूर्ववर्ती P का निषेध करने से अनुवर्ती Q का निषेध नहीं किया जा सकता, क्योंकि Q किसी अन्य कारण से भी सत्य हो सकता है — स्नेहा किसी दूसरे अपराध की दोषी हो सकती है। यह अमान्य रूप पूर्ववर्ती के निषेध का तर्कदोष है। पूर्ववर्ती को प्रतिपादित करना (modus ponens) वस्तुतः मान्य रूप है, तर्कदोष नहीं।More Logical Reasoning questions
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