Identify the formal fallacy committed in the following argument:
“All communists are revolutionists. All anarchists are revolutionists. Therefore, all anarchists are revolutionists.”निम्नलिखित युक्ति में की गई आकारिक तर्कदोष (formal fallacy) को पहचानिए:
“सभी साम्यवादी क्रांतिकारी हैं। सभी अराजकतावादी क्रांतिकारी हैं। इसलिए सभी अराजकतावादी क्रांतिकारी हैं।”
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Correct answer: D. Illicit minorअवैध लघु पद (Illicit minor)
Explanation
This question was dropped in the answer key because the argument is misprinted — its conclusion simply repeats the second premise. With the conclusion the examiner clearly intended ('Therefore, all anarchists are communists'), the middle term 'revolutionists' is the predicate of two universal affirmative premises and so is undistributed in both, giving the fallacy of the undistributed middle.उत्तर-कुंजी में यह प्रश्न हटा दिया गया (drop) है, क्योंकि युक्ति गलत मुद्रित है — इसका निष्कर्ष दूसरे आधार-वाक्य की ही पुनरावृत्ति है। जो निष्कर्ष अपेक्षित था ('इसलिए सभी अराजकतावादी साम्यवादी हैं'), उसमें मध्य पद 'क्रांतिकारी' दोनों सार्वभौम सकारात्मक आधार-वाक्यों का विधेय है और इसलिए दोनों में अव्याप्त रहता है, जिससे अव्याप्त मध्य पद का तर्कदोष होता है।More Logical Reasoning questions
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