Which of the following propositions are so related that if one of them is true, the other must be false, although they can both be false?
A. All novels are books.
B. Some novels are not books.
C. No novels are books.
D. Some novels are books.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सी तर्कवाक्य (प्रतिज्ञप्तियाँ) इस प्रकार सम्बन्धित हैं कि यदि उनमें से एक सत्य हो तो दूसरा अवश्य ही असत्य होगा, यद्यपि दोनों असत्य हो सकते हैं?
A. सभी उपन्यास पुस्तकें हैं।
B. कुछ उपन्यास पुस्तकें नहीं हैं।
C. कोई भी उपन्यास पुस्तक नहीं है।
D. कुछ उपन्यास पुस्तकें हैं।
नीचे दिए गए विकल्पों में से सही उत्तर चुनिए:
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Correct answer: C. A and C Onlyकेवल A और C
Explanation
Propositions that cannot both be true but can both be false are contraries — the universal affirmative A ("All novels are books") and the universal negative E ("No novels are books"), i.e. A and C. B and D are sub-contraries (can both be true), while A–B and C–D are contradictories.जो तर्कवाक्य एक साथ सत्य नहीं हो सकते परंतु एक साथ असत्य हो सकते हैं, वे विपरीत (contrary) कहलाते हैं — सर्वव्यापी सकारात्मक A ("सभी उपन्यास पुस्तकें हैं") तथा सर्वव्यापी नकारात्मक E ("कोई भी उपन्यास पुस्तक नहीं है"), अर्थात् A और C। B तथा D उप-विपरीत (sub-contrary) हैं (दोनों सत्य हो सकते हैं), जबकि A–B और C–D विरोधी (contradictory) हैं।More Logical Reasoning questions
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