Which of the following is an example of deductive reasoning ?निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा निगमनात्मक तर्कना (deductive reasoning) का उदाहरण है ?
Pick an option to check yourself, or open the answer below.
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Correct answer: C. If it is raining, then the ground is wet. It is raining. Therefore, the ground is wet.यदि वर्षा हो रही है, तो भूमि गीली है। वर्षा हो रही है। अतः भूमि गीली है।
Explanation
Deductive reasoning moves from general premises to a conclusion that follows with certainty. Option (3) is the valid form modus ponens: if P then Q; P; therefore Q — the conclusion cannot be false if the premises are true. Option (4) generalises from observed cases and is therefore inductive, while (1) and (2) draw prescriptive advice rather than a necessary conclusion. Hence option (3).निगमनात्मक तर्कना सामान्य आधारवाक्यों से निश्चित निष्कर्ष तक पहुँचती है। विकल्प (3) वैध रूप मोडस पोनेंस है: यदि P तो Q; P; अतः Q — आधारवाक्य सत्य होने पर निष्कर्ष असत्य हो ही नहीं सकता। विकल्प (4) देखे गए उदाहरणों से सामान्यीकरण करता है, अतः आगमनात्मक है; (1) और (2) आवश्यक निष्कर्ष के स्थान पर परामर्श देते हैं। अतः विकल्प (3)।More Logical Reasoning questions
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