Which one of the following formal fallacies is committed in the given argument?
All snakes are reptiles.
Some snakes are poisonous creatures.
Therefore all poisonous creatures are reptiles.दिए गए तर्क में निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा औपचारिक तर्कदोष किया गया है?
सभी साँप सरीसृप हैं।
कुछ साँप विषैले जीव हैं।
अतः सभी विषैले जीव सरीसृप हैं।
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Correct answer: B. Fallacy of Illicit process of minor termलघु पद के अवैध प्रसार का दोष
Explanation
The minor term here is 'poisonous creatures'. In the conclusion 'All poisonous creatures are reptiles' it is the subject of a universal affirmative, hence distributed; but in the premise 'Some snakes are poisonous creatures' it is the predicate of a particular affirmative, hence undistributed. A term distributed in the conclusion but not in the premise gives the fallacy of illicit process of the minor term. (The middle term 'snakes' is distributed in the first premise, so option 3 does not apply.)यहाँ लघु पद 'विषैले जीव' है। निष्कर्ष 'सभी विषैले जीव सरीसृप हैं' में यह सार्वभौम सकारात्मक वाक्य का उद्देश्य है, अतः व्याप्त है; किंतु आधार-वाक्य 'कुछ साँप विषैले जीव हैं' में यह अंशव्यापी सकारात्मक वाक्य का विधेय है, अतः अव्याप्त है। जो पद निष्कर्ष में व्याप्त हो पर आधार-वाक्य में नहीं, वह लघु पद के अवैध प्रसार का दोष उत्पन्न करता है। (मध्य पद 'साँप' पहले आधार-वाक्य में व्याप्त है, इसलिए विकल्प 3 लागू नहीं होता।)More Logical Reasoning questions
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