Which of the following are admitted by the Naiyayikas (Indian Logicians) as kinds of Inferences?
(A) Inference of the effect from the cause
(B) Inference of the cause from the effect
(C) Inference from knowledge of similarity between two kinds of objects
(D) Inference from observation for general inseparability
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:नैयायिकों (भारतीय तर्कशास्त्रियों) द्वारा निम्नलिखित में से किन्हें अनुमान के प्रकारों के रूप में स्वीकार किया गया है?
(A) कारण से कार्य का अनुमान
(B) कार्य से कारण का अनुमान
(C) दो प्रकार की वस्तुओं के बीच समानता के ज्ञान से अनुमान
(D) सामान्य अविनाभाव (व्याप्ति) के प्रेक्षण से अनुमान
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Correct answer: B. (A), (B) and (D) onlyकेवल (A), (B) और (D)
Explanation
Nyaya classifies inference as Purvavat (effect inferred from cause – A), Sheshavat (cause inferred from effect – B) and Samanyatodrishta (based on observed general uniformity/inseparability – D). Knowledge from similarity between objects (C) is Upamana (comparison), a separate pramana. Hence (A), (B) and (D) only.न्याय दर्शन अनुमान को पूर्ववत् (कारण से कार्य का अनुमान – A), शेषवत् (कार्य से कारण का अनुमान – B) और सामान्यतोदृष्ट (सामान्य एकरूपता/अविनाभाव के प्रेक्षण पर आधारित – D) में बाँटता है। वस्तुओं की समानता से प्राप्त ज्ञान (C) उपमान है, जो एक अलग प्रमाण है। अतः केवल (A), (B) और (D)।More Logical Reasoning questions
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