Hardness of water is caused by the presence ofजल की कठोरता निम्नलिखित में से किसकी उपस्थिति के कारण होती है?
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Correct answer: D. Cations in the waterजल में धनायन (cations)
Explanation
Hardness is caused by dissolved divalent metal ions, chiefly calcium (Ca²⁺) and magnesium (Mg²⁺), which are positively charged ions, that is cations. These react with soap to form scum. Suspended solids, pathogens and toxic metals affect turbidity, potability and toxicity respectively, not hardness.कठोरता घुले हुए द्विसंयोजी धातु आयनों, मुख्यतः कैल्शियम (Ca²⁺) और मैग्नीशियम (Mg²⁺), के कारण होती है, जो धनावेशित आयन अर्थात् धनायन हैं। ये साबुन से क्रिया करके झाग के स्थान पर मैल बनाते हैं। निलंबित ठोस, रोगजनक और विषैली धातुएँ क्रमशः गंदलेपन, पेयता और विषाक्तता को प्रभावित करते हैं, कठोरता को नहीं।More People, Development and Environment questions
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