Arrange the following encoding strategies used in Genetic Algorithms (GAs) in the correct sequence starting from the initial step and ending with the final representation of solutions :

(a) Binary Encoding

(b) Real valued Encoding

(c) Permutation Encoding

(d) Gray coding

1. A(d),(b),(a),(c)
2. B(b),(d),(a),(c)
3. C(c),(d),(a),(b)
4. D(b),(c),(a),(d)

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Correct answer: C. (c),(d),(a),(b)

Explanation

These are alternative chromosome encodings rather than steps of one process; the order given follows the official key.