Systematic culture manipulation takes place through:
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Correct answer: B. Mass production of culture
Explanation
The passage concerns mass culture: culture produced on an industrial scale (cf. Adorno and Horkheimer's 'culture industry') is the means of manipulation.
Note: Passage I (on mass culture, quoting Dominic Strinati's An Introduction to Theories of Popular Culture) is copyrighted and not reproduced; answers follow its argument.