'Mass culture' refers to:

1. AOnly the effects of American culture
2. BA specific theoretical debate in America in the post-war period
3. CTheoretical debates in America in the pre-war period
4. DBoth the effects of American culture and theoretical debates in the post-war period

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Correct answer: D. Both the effects of American culture and theoretical debates in the post-war period

Explanation

The passage uses the term both for the spread of American popular culture and for the post-war American debate about it.

Note: Passage I (on mass culture, quoting Dominic Strinati's An Introduction to Theories of Popular Culture) is copyrighted and not reproduced; answers follow its argument.