Which of the following statements/concepts are relevant for understanding postmodernism?

1. A. Postmodernism and postcolonialism are mutually dependent in responding to colonial experience.
2. B. Lyotard argues that the postmodern condition is characterised by scepticism towards metanarratives.
3. C. Edward W. Said has been instrumental in postmodern theory and criticism.
4. D. Jean Baudrillard's Simulacra and Simulation is a seminal postmodern text.
5. E. Fredric Jameson argues that parody has been replaced by pastiche in postmodernism.

1. A(B), (D) and (E) only
2. B(A), (B) and (D) only
3. C(B), (C) and (E) only
4. D(C), (D) and (E) only

Pick an option to check yourself, or open the answer below.

Show answer & explanation

Correct answer: A. (B), (D) and (E) only

Explanation

Lyotard defines the postmodern as 'incredulity toward metanarratives' (The Postmodern Condition, 1979); Baudrillard's Simulacra and Simulation (1981) is a key text; Jameson argues pastiche ('blank parody') replaces parody (1984). Said is a postcolonial, not a postmodern, theorist, and the two movements are not mutually dependent.