In Linux Operating system, when ________ is invoked, it is passed a set of flags that determine how much sharing is to take place between the parent and child tasks.

Explanation

Linux implements both process creation and thread creation on top of a single underlying system call, clone(), which takes an explicit set of flags (such as CLONE_VM, CLONE_FS, CLONE_FILES) that let the caller choose exactly how much of the address space, file descriptor table and filesystem context the child shares with the parent. fork() is just a convenience wrapper around clone() with none of the sharing flags set, so parent and child get fully separate copies; pthread_create() similarly wraps clone() with sharing flags set to create a thread. 'pthread()' and 'thread()' are not actual Linux system call names, so the correct answer is clone(), option (ii).