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What is called journaling in a Linux operating system?

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Correct answer: B. File saving as transaction

Explanation

Journaling file systems (e.g. ext3/ext4) maintain a separate log, the journal, in which pending metadata (and optionally data) changes are first recorded as a transaction before they are committed to the main file system structures. If the system crashes mid-write, the journal lets the file system replay or discard incomplete transactions on reboot instead of running a full, slow consistency check, so the file system can be restored to a consistent state quickly. This technique of treating file updates as atomic logged transactions is exactly file saving as a transaction, option (ii); it has nothing to do with scheduling, threads, or being an editor.

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