Which of the following statements is/are TRUE?
P: In software engineering, defects that are discovered earlier are more expensive to fix.
Q: A software design is said to be a good design, if the components are strongly cohesive and weakly coupled.
Select the correct answer from the options given below:

Explanation

P is false. The cost of fixing a defect rises sharply the later it is found: a requirements error caught during review costs very little, while the same error found after release costs orders of magnitude more because design, code, tests and documentation all have to be reworked. So defects discovered earlier are cheaper, not more expensive, to fix. Q is true and is the classic Stevens–Myers–Constantine criterion: a good modular design maximises cohesion within each module and minimises coupling between modules, which keeps modules independently understandable and changeable. Therefore only Q is true, option (ii).