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(Same machine as above: 16 GB main memory, 32-bit virtual address space, 4 KB page size.) What is the minimum number of bits needed for the physical address?

Pick an option to check yourself, or open the answer below.

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Correct answer: D. 34

Explanation

The physical address must be able to address every byte of the installed main memory, which is 16 GB = 234 bytes. The minimum number of bits needed to address 234 distinct byte locations is exactly 34 bits (since 234 addresses require 34 address lines), matching option (iv).

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