25 questions · about 30 minutes. Press End Mock any time to see your score and the correct answers.
Standard deviation of sampling distribution is known as-
Correct answer: B. Sampling error
The standard deviation of a sampling distribution is the standard error, a measure of sampling error.
______ is the useful index of central tendency which is the middle most score when all the scores have been ranked.
Correct answer: B. Median
The median is the middlemost score when scores are ranked.
Max-min-con principle in the context of research methodology denotes:
Correct answer: B. Maximizing systematic variance, minimizing error variance, controlling extraneous variance
Kerlinger's MAXMINCON: maximise systematic variance, minimise error variance, control extraneous variance.
In which of the following statistical analysis we have more than one dependent/ outcome variables?
Correct answer: C. Multi-variate analysis of variance
MANOVA analyses two or more dependent variables at once.
Which of the following is the non-parametric counterpart of two-Way ANOVA?
Correct answer: D. Friedman Test
Friedman's test (two-way ANOVA by ranks) is the non-parametric counterpart of a two-way/repeated-measures ANOVA.
Arrange the steps of scientific research.
A. General research questions
B. Collection of data
C. Analysis of data
D. Review of related literature
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Correct answer: C. D, A, B, C
Review of related literature → framing the research question → data collection → data analysis.
Identify the correct sequence for an action research:
A. Observation
B. Reflection
C. Plan
D. Action
Correct answer: D. C, D, A, B
The action research cycle is plan → act → observe → reflect.
Which of the following is/are true about 'Factor Analysis'?
A. Factor extraction is stopped when Eigen value becomes less than one
B. It is an interdependent statistics
C. It is a Non-parametric analysis
D. Scree plot can be used to determine the number of factors to be extracted
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
Correct answer: C. A, B & D only
Factor analysis is an interdependence technique; Kaiser's eigenvalue > 1 rule and the scree plot decide how many factors to extract. It is not non-parametric.
Dr. Upadhaya has carried out two way ANOVA with 'intensity of light' and 'font size' as independent variables and 'visual acuity' as the dependent variable. Which of the following are true ?
A. Interaction effect can be checked
B. It is a factorial design
C. Independent variables have been taken up as continuous variables in this study
D. This is a suitable example to establish causal effect
Correct answer: D. B, D & A only
A two-way ANOVA is a factorial design that tests interaction, and manipulated IVs allow causal conclusions; the IVs are treated as categorical, not continuous.
Match the type of correlation with the nature of the variables.
Correct answer: B. A-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV
Product-moment – two continuous variables; biserial – continuous with an artificially dichotomised one; phi – two dichotomies; point-biserial – continuous with a genuine dichotomy.
Which of the following is one of the non-parametric counterpart of ANOVA?
Correct answer: A. Kruskal- wallis Test
Kruskal–Wallis H is the non-parametric alternative to one-way ANOVA.
In the equation for linear regression Y= a+b X, b stands for-
Correct answer: B. Regression coefficient
In Y = a + bX, a is the intercept and b is the regression coefficient (slope).
In case of normal probability curve, the graph/ curve is plotted for
Correct answer: C. 'z' scores and respective relative frequencies
The normal probability curve plots z-scores against their relative frequencies (ordinates).
A psychologist was interested to conduct a study on gamblers. Identifying the gamblers, even with the help of police, is a challenging task. Which of the following sampling technique will be more appropriate to take up the study?
Correct answer: C. Snowball sampling
Snowball sampling, where participants refer others, suits hidden or hard-to-reach groups such as gamblers.
The distribution, which is skewed to the left, has one high point and has many high scores is called
Correct answer: C. Negatively skewed distribution
A distribution with its tail to the left and scores piled at the high end is negatively skewed.
Cognitive psychologists and survey researchers have acknowledged that answering survey questions can be a complex cognitive task. Research suggests that when people answer survey questions, they go through four stages. Arrange the stages in order.
A. Comprehension
B. Judgement
C. Response communication
D. Retrieval
Correct answer: A. A, D, B, C
Tourangeau's survey-response model: comprehension → retrieval → judgement → response.
Read the following situations. Then order them in the sequence of nominal, ordinal, equal interval and ratio.
A. Eggs in the supermarket are graded as small, medium, large and jumbo
B. Employees are assigned identification numbers
C. Achievement motivation of hockey players
D. Players' height
Correct answer: B. B, A, C, D
Employee ID numbers (nominal) → egg grades (ordinal) → achievement-motivation scores (interval) → height (ratio).
One organisational psychologist wanted to verify the efficacy of a group based development intervention. For this purpose he undertook an Action Research. Suggest the correct sequence of the following components of his research.
A. Acting through the intervention
B. Observation
C. Planning about the intervention
D. Reflection
Correct answer: C. C, A, B, D
Action research cycle: plan → act → observe → reflect.
Which of the following are not true about the differences between simple regression and multiple regression?
A. The number of predictors
B. The number of criteria
C. Coefficient of determination
D. Sample size
Correct answer: C. B, C, D only
Simple and multiple regression differ only in the number of predictors; both have one criterion and an R², and sample size is not what defines them.
Which of the following softwares can be more helpful for analysis in qualitative research by a psychologist?
A. SPSS
B. AMOS
C. NVIVO
D. ATLAS ER
Correct answer: C. C, D only
NVivo and ATLAS.ti are qualitative data analysis software; SPSS and AMOS are quantitative.
Which of the following are characteristics of a good Hypothesis ?
A. Affirmative statement
B. Interrogative statement
C. Falsifiability
D. Conjectural
E. Concludes relationship between variables
Correct answer: B. A, C, D only
A good hypothesis is a declarative (affirmative), conjectural (tentative) statement that is falsifiable.
Which of the following are measures of dispersion?
A. Standard Deviation
B. Quartile Deviation
C. Mode
D. Variance
E. Range
Correct answer: C. A, B, D, E only
SD, quartile deviation, variance and range measure dispersion; the mode is a measure of central tendency.
Match List-I with List-II
Correct answer: C. A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
Phenomenology – lived experience; case study – in-depth study in real context; ethnography – description of peoples and culture; grounded theory – inductive reasoning.
The researchers assumed that older adults are different from younger adults in their suicidal ideation and in their reasons for thinking about committing suicide because of differences in life experiences and coping competence. Hence, they used cross-sectional research and recruited 150 older adults (60–95 years) who were matched with 150 younger adults (17–34 years) on gender, ethnicity, religion and self-reported health status. Beck's scale for suicidal ideation was used to measure suicidal ideation. They used a 't' test for comparison of variables and found no significant difference. According to Siegler, neither cross-sectional nor longitudinal studies provide much information about how those changes occur over time. He discussed a method that involves carefully observing behaviour during periods when rapid change is occurring and collecting both quantitative and qualitative information.
A potential problem with cross sectional research is that there may be other variables that are confounded with age. This problem is called
Correct answer: B. Cohort effect
In cross-sectional designs age is confounded with generation — the cohort effect.
The combination of cross sectional and longitudinal research Is called
Correct answer: C. Sequential research
Combining cross-sectional and longitudinal approaches gives the sequential design.
