25 questions · about 30 minutes. Press End Mock any time to see your score and the correct answers.
Informed consent, as suggested by Diener and Crandall includes the components:
A. Voluntarism
B. Researcher's competence
C. Information
D. Comprehension
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
Correct answer: C. A, C, D only
Diener & Crandall's informed consent: voluntarism, full information and comprehension (plus the participant's competence).
Match List I with List II
Correct answer: D. A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II
Grounded theory – deriving abstract theory from participants' views; phenomenology – lived experiences; narrative – retelling lives; ethnography – an intact cultural group.
Correct answer: A. A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
Item bias – item characteristic curve; two true dichotomies – phi coefficient; where the line crosses Y – intercept; change in Y per unit X – slope.
Prepare the steps involved in Action Research in correct sequence with reference to behavioural science
A. Action
B. Observation
C. Plan
D. Reflection
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Correct answer: C. C, A, B, D
Action research: plan → act → observe → reflect.
Given below are two statements: One is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R.
Assertion A: To eliminate the impact of an extraneous independent variable, the researcher can choose participants who are homogeneous on that independent variable.
Reason R : 'Matching' is one of the method to control extraneous variance.
In the light of the above statements. choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
Correct answer: B. Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A
Homogeneous selection eliminates an extraneous variable, and matching is another control method, but matching does not explain A.
A study was conducted to find out whether participation in meditation influences well-being in children. Hence a group of children who had not participated in meditation before but were now planning to begin participating in meditation were given a well-being scale before they began meditation. The children were administered the same test again after 2 months of meditation. Well-being was measured on an interval scale, with higher scores indicating higher well-being. The scores on the scale were normally distributed. The scores (Before → After) are: 4 → 6, 8 → 5, 10 → 11, 12 → 10, 14 → 15, 16 → 17, 18 → 16.
What are the degrees of freedom for the test?
Correct answer: C. 6
There are 7 before–after pairs, so the paired t-test has df = n − 1 = 6.
What statistical test should be used to analyze the data?
Correct answer: C. Correlated 't' test
The same children are tested twice on normally distributed interval data, so a correlated (paired) t-test is used.
Rejection of the null hypothesis indicates:
Correct answer: A. Participation in meditation leads to significant difference in well-being scores
Rejecting H0 means meditation is associated with a significant difference in well-being scores.
Which of the following is correct about a directional hypothesis?
Correct answer: B. Meditation has positive effect on well being
A directional hypothesis states the direction: meditation has a positive effect on well-being.
Which of the following is correct about the interval scale?
Correct answer: C. Identity. Magnitude and equal unit size are its properties
An interval scale has identity, magnitude and equal units but no absolute zero.
When an experimenter wishes to ensure equal representation of a variable highly correlated with the dependent variable at all levels of the independent variable, he/she should use ______ design.
Correct answer: D. Randomized block
Blocking on a variable strongly correlated with the DV and then randomising within blocks gives the randomised block design.
A researcher interested to verify the effect of three independent variables on two dependent variables shall use ______ for data analysis.
Correct answer: D. MANOVA
Several IVs and two or more DVs (no covariate) call for MANOVA.
Positivist paradigm subscribes to
Correct answer: B. Observer independent reality
Positivism assumes an objective reality that exists independently of the observer.
What type of question the following is in a questionnaire?
"Why did you go to cinema last night ? "
Correct answer: B. Motivation
A 'why' question about one's own behaviour asks about motivation.
The critical perspective on research does not subscribe to the view that
Correct answer: B. Reality is stable and subject to natural laws.
Critical theory rejects the positivist view that reality is stable and governed by natural laws.
A researcher using a group of ten subjects under four conditions repeatedly, what will be degree of freedom for the error terms?
Correct answer: B. 27
Repeated-measures error df = (n − 1)(k − 1) = (10 − 1)(4 − 1) = 27.
Psychological research does not allow one of the following activities:
Correct answer: C. Non granting permission to withdraw from research process
Ethics require informing participants of their right to withdraw; denying it is not allowed.
In a normally distributed group, an examinee scores one SD above the mean. What shall be her/his percentile score?
Correct answer: C. 84
+1 SD covers 50% + 34.13% ≈ 84th percentile.
Which one of the following statements does not apply to normal probability curve ?
Correct answer: D. It's kurtosis is zero
The normal curve is symmetric, bell-shaped and has zero skewness; its kurtosis is 3 (mesokurtic), not zero (only excess kurtosis is 0).
Qualitative research can follow several approaches to knowledge. Identify one which is contrary to the assumptions of qualitative research.
Correct answer: B. Positivist
Positivism is contrary to the interpretive assumptions of qualitative research.
______ is a measure of dispersion that considers all the scores.
Correct answer: C. Average deviation
Average (mean) deviation uses every score; range and quartile measures use only some.
By what symbol the standardized regression coefficient is usually depicted ?
Correct answer: A. β
Standardised regression coefficients are written β (beta); b is the unstandardised slope.
What are the purposes of research?
A. Explaining a phenomenon
B. Making a discovery
C. Fulfilling a gap in knowledge
D. Attempt to resolve contradictory findings
E. Making an invention
Correct answer: C. A, C and D only
Research aims to explain phenomena, fill knowledge gaps and resolve contradictory findings.
The mean can be misleading if a distribution has___
A. Marked skewness
B. Large number of scores
C. Few extremely high valued scores
D. Small number of scores
E. Few extremely low valued scores
Correct answer: C. A, C and E only
The mean is distorted by marked skewness and by a few extremely high or low scores.
What is the median of the scores given below ?
15, 8, 30, 12, 5, 40, 30, 20
Correct answer: B. 17.50
Ordered: 5, 8, 12, 15, 20, 30, 30, 40; median = (15 + 20) ÷ 2 = 17.5.
