Mock 4 – Renaissance & Elizabethan (incl. Shakespeare) (Part 3)

Chapman's Iliad (1598–1611) and Odyssey (1614–15), celebrated in Keats's sonnet 'On First Looking into Chapman's Homer'.

The play (pub. 1607) was traditionally ascribed to Cyril Tourneur, the intended answer. Most modern scholars attribute it to Thomas Middleton.

Written c. 1621–27, it was first printed in Two New Plays (1657), long after Middleton's death in 1627.

Marcellus to Horatio (1.4), as Hamlet follows the Ghost.

The whole of The Taming of the Shrew is staged for the drunken tinker Christopher Sly, introduced in the Induction. A Midsummer Night's Dream contains an inset play (the mechanicals' 'Pyramus and Thisbe') but is not framed by one.

Note: The source key gives option 1 (A Midsummer Night's Dream); structurally, The Taming of the Shrew is the play framed as a play within a play.

Humours theory goes back to Hippocrates and Galen, so A is false. Jonson's comedy of humours was imitated by Chapman and Middleton. Eastward Ho! (1605), written by Jonson with Marston and Chapman, was played by the Children of the Queen's Revels.

Note: Key doubtful: B is also true (Volpone, Mosca, Sir Epicure Mammon are moral 'speaking names'), and Jonson's collaborator on Eastward Ho! was Chapman, not Dekker.

The Faerie Queene (1590) → Lyrical Ballads (1798) → Les Fleurs du mal (1857) → Neruda's Canto General (1950).

Skeat's term (1886). The famous example is 'dord', which appeared in Webster's Second (1934) from a misread note 'D or d' (density).

'Alas, poor Yorick!… a fellow of infinite jest' (5.1): the late king's jester, whose skull the gravedigger turns up.

Time's scythe (Sonnets 12, 60, 116, 123) is the reaper's: it brings change and cuts life down, against which the poet sets love and verse.

Marlowe's Valdes and Cornelius, 'whose sweet delight… / Hath won me at the last to practise magic' (scene 1).

About half the plays came out in quarto from 1594. Heminges and Condell's First Folio (1623, 36 plays) appeared seven years after his death.

The 'Letter of the Authors' (dated 23 January 1589) was printed at the end of the 1590 edition (Books I–III) and dropped from the 1596 edition.

Volpone (1605–06) → The Tempest (1610–11) → All for Love (1677) → The School for Scandal (1777).

Marvell's ode and Pope's 'Ode on Solitude' use calm, regular, meditative stanzas. Jonson's Cary–Morison ode is the first English Pindaric (turn, counter-turn, stand), and Tennyson's Wellington ode is irregular.

Shaw's interlude (1910), written in aid of a Shakespeare National Theatre.

Bandello's novella (1554) of Giovanna d'Aragona, Duchess of Amalfi, came to Webster through Belleforest and William Painter's The Palace of Pleasure (1567).

'His waxen wings did mount above his reach, / And melting heavens conspired his overthrow.'

Being and not being, suffering 'the slings and arrows' or taking 'arms against a sea of troubles' (3.1).

Hamlet is the Wittenberg student-philosopher; Milton's Il Penseroso studies by midnight lamp in 'some high lonely tower'. Shylock and Mosca are men of business and intrigue.

Kyd's The Spanish Tragedy (c. 1587) → Cymbeline (c. 1610) → Wycherley's The Country Wife (1675) → Sheridan's The Rivals (1775).

Montaigne invented the essai (1580) and Bacon naturalised it in English (1597), the forms Addison and Steele adapted.